Venezuela has long been held up as a beacon of twenty-first-century socialism. Yet even as socialism has triumphed, proponents of capitalism and exploitative development have been gaining ground--most surprisingly, perhaps, within indigenous communities.

Venezuela Reframed unearths the hidden background of the "indigenous capitalisms" that are being promoted today within Venezuela. Luis Fernando Angosto-Ferrandez illuminates the ways in which indigenous activism, aligned with Venezuela's Bolivarian governments, has paved the way for development and modernization along classical,...

Venezuela has long been held up as a beacon of twenty-first-century socialism. Yet even as socialism has triumphed, proponents of capitalism and exploitative development have been gaining ground--most surprisingly, perhaps, within indigenous communities.

Venezuela Reframed unearths the hidden background of the "indigenous capitalisms" that are being promoted today within Venezuela. Luis Fernando Angosto-Ferrandez illuminates the ways in which indigenous activism, aligned with Venezuela's Bolivarian governments, has paved the way for development and modernization along classical,...