This research resolves around the question "Which (packages/mixes of) policy instruments from five selected Western European countries have proven to be effective in improving energy efficiency standards in private housing." The research question is formed in collaboration with the province of Overijssel and assessed thee goals the province of Overijssel wants to meet with their energy efficiency policy mix: increasing energy efficiency for private households, strengthening the construction sector, and decreasing dependence on fossil fuels. The province saw interesting policy instruments...