Education in Medieval Syria underwent substantial permutations since the Zangid to the late Mamluk Era. In addition to mosques, different types of institutes (madrasa, khanqah, ribat and zawiya) had increased to a large extent as an urban phenomenon, and reached the top of their expansion rate during the 14th century. Those developments reflected the political and religious changes in the area. Most of the educational institutions in Syria were established by the ruling class, but the role of citizens in dedicating institutes was strong relatively. Establishing such institutes and dedicating...