Citral (3, 7-dimethyl-2, 6-octadienal) was hydro distilled from lemon grass and 3, 7-dimethyl-2, 6-octadienal acetals (Citral acetals) were synthesized from it. The latter was redistilled under vacuum and collected fractions at constant temperature. Para toluene sulphonic acid catalyst was used for the preparation of citral ethylene glycol acetal and citral propylene glycol acetal which are used in perfumery, flavor, for fortifying lemon oil. GC, IR of synthesized product is recorded and graphs were determined.

The Borosilicate glass composition doped with sodium silico fluoride has been developed which was more refined, free from seeds, bubbles and cords. Addition of fluoride compound accelerated the glass melting but viscosity and surface tension was reduced. Many variations have been made in standard borosilicate (7740) glass composition to develop a new composition which was melted according to the conditions economically available. Electrical furnace with stirring system was highly expensive which was not feasible for the Pakistan to develop such a highly expensive glass. So a gas fired furnace...