This book explores the linkages between age-related pension expenditures and the fiscal space needed to fund them, as well as to organize the mix of financing methods with different risk-sharing arrangements. After critically assessing the existing models projecting age-related expenditure in the literature, the book focuses on the case studies of these inter-linkages in four highly-populated East Asian countries, namely China, Indonesia, India, and Japan. Nearly two- fifths of the global population live in these countries. Therefore, how these inter-linkages manifest themselves and the...

The book examines the conceptual, economic, and fiscal impact(s) of the Social Protection Floor (SPF) initiative of the ILO and other policy influencers. It contains a brief assessment of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) adopted and looks at the methodology used and policy implications of the Social Protection Index (SPI) of the Asian Development Bank (ADB).

The book reviews country experiences of the social protection programs, with focus on the manner and the effectiveness with which outcomes desired by those advocating SPFs. A wide range of Asian countries are covered,...