The composition of water coproduced with oil during drilling and production contains certain substances that are harmful to the environment. Heavy metals, dispersed and dissolved oil, and production chemicals are toxicants both to human beings as well as marine life. For this reason, produced water is usually separated from the crude oil and treated prior to being discharged into the environment. The current conventional method of treating produced water employs mechanical treatment in particular hydrocyclones which are very costly to operate and maintain. The search for alternative ways that...