Performance based on open skills may be more influenced by anxiety and self-confidence than performance based on closed skills. An open skill can involve either an individual or team sport with the athlete per- forming in an interactive and ever-changing environment (basketball, tennis). A closed skill is performed in a more stable environment that is relatively predictable and often self-paced (i.e., golf, gymnastics, crew teams). Anxiety may have a different impact on performance on these two types of skills, based on how the influence of the environment and other competitors potentially...

Many studies have shown the gender difference in emotional maturity in college students. Aleen & Sheema suggested that female students were less emotionally stable as compared to male students. Males are more social as they have more social interaction, more stable as they face more challenges in their lives, feeling more independent which enabled them to become more emotionally stable and led them to perform better on emotional maturity as compared to their female counterparts. However, Boyd and Huffman in which they revealed that females were more emotionally mature than males in the same...

The widespread uses of synthetic chemicals in agriculture, industry, and military operations have introduced many anthropogenic compounds to the biosphere. The use of organophosphate pesticides has become an integral part of the modern agricultural system. One of the most important environmental concerns with organophosphate pesticides is accumulation of residues in soil, food products and water supplies. Due to international concerns about the repeated use of organophosphate pesticides, there is a great need to develop safe, convenient and economically feasible methods for organophosphate...