Biomechanics, the study of the structure and function of biological systems by means of the methods of mechanics, is applied to injuries of the ankle and shoulder. We compare injury patterns to the magnitude, duration, and direction of forces occurring as the result of both accidental and criminal insults. The ability to compare common injury mechanisms to the expected body movements during a precipitating event is important in evaluating the likelihood of a causal relationship between the two. Knowledge of the common mechanisms of various injuries, combined with a review of other evidence...

The criteria for air bag activation in passenger vehicles are complex. This book provides the numerous and different algorithms and input variables and conditions for air bag deployment. In eight case studies, we compare the actual black box recorded data of when the air bag activates, with our predicted activation values, based on accident reconstruction. With certain rules and exceptions in mind, this approach can be used as a useful forensic analysis tool in vehicle crashes.