In this book application of carbon nanostructure materials as the cathode electrode and good nanocomposite proton exchange membrane in microbial fuel cell was discussed. As the main obstacle of commercialization of microbial fuel cell is high price of Pt as the most common cathode catalyst which covers about 50% of the whole capital cost of the system beside proton exchange membrane which is mostly Nafion 117 that near 40 % of the capital cost of the microbial fuel cell. This book is offering some new cathode catalyst (Activated carbon nanofiber) and also Nafion/Activated carbon nanofiber as...