This book describes the physical and mechanical characteristics of cement eco-nanocomposites reinforced with hemp fabric (HF) and nanoclay platelets. Results indicate that the nanoclay behaves not only as a filler to improve the microstructure, but also as an activator to promote the pozzolanic reaction and thus improved the adhesion with hemp fabric. The optimum content of nanoclay was 1 wt %. The HF-reinforced nanocomposites containing 1 wt % nanoclay decreased the porosity and increased the density, flexural strength and fracture toughness compared to the HF-reinforced cement composite....