A presumptive diagnosis of infectious diseases of livestock is based on the case history, clinical examination of ailing animals and postmortem examination of dead animals. But, a confirmatory diagnosis is mainly relay upon laboratory investigation of clinical materials and specimens which are collected from diseased and dead animals respectively. Appropriate samples should be collected aseptically from apparently healthy, clinically affected and dead animals or the environment for a various purpose, such as disease surveillance, disease investigation, herd/flock health certification and...

Poultry is an excellent source of animal protein to fulfil the needs of human demands in terms of egg and meat. The poultry industry often experiences the losses due to various diseases among which Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD) and Ranikhet disease (RD) have become more significant as intensive way of poultry production is followed. The control of these diseases can be achieved by suitable immunization methods and strict biosecurity measures. Outbreak of IBD and RD diseases occur as a result of faulty vaccination schedules, using low titred vaccine and improper managemental practices. This...