This monograph examines the relationship between treaties providing for uninterrupted energy transit and countermeasures under the law of international responsibility. It analyses the obligations governing energy transit through pipelines in multilateral and bilateral treaties, looking at the WTO Agreement, the Energy Charter Treaty, and sixteen bespoke pipeline treaties.

It argues that some transit obligations reflect the community interest of states parties. The analysis is placed in the historical and normative landscape of freedom of transit in international law. After setting out the...