The battle of Waterloo is an enigma. It is as obscure to those who won it as to those who lost it. For Napoleon it was a panic; Blucher sees nothing in it but fire; Wellington understands nothing in regard to it. Look at the reports. The bulletins are confused, the commentaries involved. Some stammer, others lisp. Jomini divides the battle of Waterloo into four moments; Muffling cuts it up into three changes; Charras alone, though we hold another judgment than his on some points, seized with his haughty glance the characteristic outlines of that catastrophe of human genius in conflict with...

Centuries of warfare in Europe between the western and eastern worlds
It is difficult for many contemporary readers to imagine a time when the European and Christian world was constantly at threat from the huge invading armies of the East and the Islamic world. In 732 AD the Umayyad Moors were defeated in battle between Poitiers and Tours just 12 miles from Paris. However, the principal incursions of the ensuing 800 years came from the Ottoman Turkish empire, which fought to establish its grip on Europe well into the 18th century. For example, Eugene of Savoy, Marlborough's famous...

Centuries of warfare in Europe between the western and eastern worlds
It is difficult for many contemporary readers to imagine a time when the European and Christian world was constantly at threat from the huge invading armies of the East and the Islamic world. In 732 AD the Umayyad Moors were defeated in battle between Poitiers and Tours just 12 miles from Paris. However, the principal incursions of the ensuing 800 years came from the Ottoman Turkish empire, which fought to establish its grip on Europe well into the 18th century. For example, Eugene of Savoy, Marlborough's famous...