Many untreatable neurodegenerative human disorders, like Parkinsons, Alzheimers, and prion diseases, are associated with the aggregation of misfolded or natively unfolded proteins into amyloid fibrils. Cells have adapted two main sophisticated quality-control measures to protect against these protein aggregation processes: the molecular chaperones against the misfolded protein conformations that trigger the aggregation, and the ubiquitin-proteasome system to degrade those proteins that remain misfolded. Despite these natural defense mechanisms amyloidoses may very soon be the most prevalent...