Acoustic sensing systems are critical elements in detection of sniper events. The microphones developed in this project enable unique sensing systems that benefit significantly from the enhanced sensitivity and extremely compact foot-print. Surface and bulk micromachining technologies developed at Sandia have allowed the design, fabrication and characterization of these unique sensors. We have demonstrated sensitivity that is only available in A1/2 inch to 1 inch studio reference microphones - with our devices that have only 1 to 2mm diameter membranes in a volume less than 1cm3."

The purpose of this Technical Standard is to provide site/facility operators with an accepted compliance-based process to develop site specific protection strategies to meet protection program policy objectives for implementation of the tactical doctrine contained in DOE O 470.4B. This Technical Standard is not intended to require the use of any strategy, tactic, or technology. Examples which have been proven to be effective are presented to provide users options. All proposed plans ultimately should be examined for viability based upon cost benefit analyses.

It is obvious from the literature review and private discussions with experts that application of radiation cracking of larger molecules found in crude oils to make (refine) higher value lighter petroleum products is not new. Radiation in different forms (neutrons, electrons, X-rays, Gamma-rays, etc.) can be delivered to petroleum crude oil with energy that is many orders of magnitude in excess of that required to break large hydrocarbon molecules. Some specific observations from the literature include the following: Radiation research applied to petroleum has been pursued by major oil...