Water is widely used in mining and minerals industry: for processing and transporting of ore and waste, minerals separation, dust suppression, washing of equipment, smelter refractory cooling systems and human consumption. Both economic and environmental considerations make the recycling and re-use of water an absolute necessity. The industry has made much progress in developing close-circuit approaches that maximize water conservation, and responsible management of water is a key ingredient in ensuring that mining companies contribution to sustainable development is positive over the long...