This book focuses on the detailed investigation of stress-induced birefringence in polymer optical waveguides and demonstrates an approach for the potential design of polarization-insensitive waveguide devices considering such stress-effects. To estimate the stresses accurately, it presents a process-modeling framework in the Finite Element analysis, which can incorporate important stress build-up processes, such as polymerization shrinkage, stress relaxation, and etching, over the entire history of the waveguide fabrication process. It also presents the characterization of the stress-optic...