Periodontitis is defined as an inflammatory disease of supporting tissues of the teeth caused by specific microorganisms or group of specific microorganisms, resulting in progressive destruction of periodontal ligament and alveolar bone with pocket formation, recession or both. Periodontitis is associated with the accumulation of plaque and calculus and has a slow to moderate rate of disease progression, but periods of more rapid destruction may be observed. Increase in the rate of disease progression may be caused by the impact of local, systemic, or environmental factors that may influence...

Nanotechnology is a natural and result of scientific development and our ability to understand to manipulate matter at smaller and smaller level. There is increasing optimism that nanotechnology applied to medicine and dentistry will bring significant advances in the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of disease. Growing interest in the future medical application of nanotechnology is leading to the emergence of a new field called nano medicine.

Scientists have for a long time been researching materials and techniques for providing predictable, efficient and effective methods of restoring a depleted dentition. The process itself is complex, and many factors influence the formation and maintenance of bone at the implant surface. The most versatile is Osseointegration. It is the basis of successful endosseous implantology. The purpose of this review is to give brief knowledge on the osseointegration of implants. Titanium and its alloys are the metals of choice for endosseous implants. Implants categorised into threaded and...

Probiotics are normally bacteria and other microorganisms that have beneficial effects on the human and animal health. Probiotic is a live microbial food supplement that beneficially affects the host animal or human by improving the intestinal microbial balance. In the context of the humans it also includes fermented food products, e.g. yogurt, curd, and lyophilized bacteria etc. Originally the term was used to denote microorganisms promoting the growth of other microorganisms but has now been extended to refer to viable microorganisms that promote or support a beneficial balance of the...