The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between secondary school dropouts and crime escalation in Vihiga County, Kenya. The objectives were to: discuss the criminal activities by secondary school dropouts in Vihiga County, Kenya, assess the factors influencing dropout rate among secondary school students in relation to crime escalation in Vihiga County, Kenya and examine the correlation between dropouts and crime escalation among secondary school students in Vihiga County, Kenya. The Study was anchored on two theories namely: Labeling Theory and Conflict Theory.