Particle swarm optimization is an upcoming evolutionary algorithm used extensively in water resources engineering. In groundwater hydrology in this book it is used to optimize cost of installing pumping wells to meet the groundwater demand in agriculture, municipal and industrial sectors. Its variants are also applied for optimal cost comparisons. Differential evolution is relatively more recent evolutionary meta-heuristic which is suitable for non-linear, non-differential discrete objective functions. Constraints are incorporated by penalty function. Inverse modeling is essential for aquifer...

A simulation-optimization model which incorporates the flow and contaminant transport simulation model within an optimization program helps in designing the best satisfactory bioremediation system. For the effective bioremediation system design, the groundwater flow and contaminant transport should be simulated at various time steps. For optimal design, groundwater flow and transport modelling is coupled with optimization techniques of Particle swarm optimization. Biodegradation process is simulated by incorporating an instantaneous reaction model. Decision-makers require adequate information...