Semiochemicals are small organic compounds that transmit chemical messages. They emitted by living organisms (plants, insects, etc.) that induce a behavioral or a physiological response in other individuals, they are used by insects for intra- and interspecies communication. Insects detect semiochemicals directly from the air with olfactory receptors. In most insects, the receptors are located in sensilla hairs on the antennae. The term "semiochemical" has been in use since 1971. It is derived from the Greek word "semeon," which means "sign" or "signal." These compounds can be classified in...

Nanotechnology is a novel scientific approach that involves the use of materials and equipment capable of manipulating physical as well as chemical properties of a substance at molecular levels. On the other hand, bio-technology involves using the knowledge and techniques of biology to manipulate molecular, genetic and cellular processes to develop products and services and is used in diverse fields from medicine to agriculture.Over the next couple of decades, nanotech will evolve through four overlapping stages of industrial prototyping and early commercialization. The first one, which began...