Operational transconductance amplifiers (OTAs) are considered to be promising as the building blocks for filters, oscillators at high frequencies. Recently, OTAs are developed in three trends- high frequency, high linearity and low power. OTA-C filters are one of the most widely used continuous time filters. In this work, high gain and wide bandwidth operational transconductance amplifier is designed. Further, second order low pass filter and high pass has also been realized using proposed OTA-II. The proposed filter shows wide pass bandwidth along with higher quality factor. The proposed...

A phase locked loop (PLL) plays significant role in analog and digital systems. It is a control system that generates an output signal in-phase of the input reference signal. This report has presented a low-power PLL implemented in 130nm CMOS technology for communication systems. The improved power efficient design of PLL consists of a phase detector; a charge pump, low pass filter, and bulk driven three stage ring VCO. The VCO is the main part PLL design. The proposed three, five and seven stages ring VCOs are presented in this report. The proposed three stage ring VCO shows better...

The desire for portability of electronic equipment generated a need for low power systems in battery operated products like hearing aids, implantable cardiac pacemakers, cell phones, and hand held multimedia terminals. Current mirror is one of the most basic building blocks both in analog and mixed mode VLSI circuits especially for active elements like op-amps, transistors, current conveyors, current feedback amplifiers etc. In this work CMOS current mirror is proposed which shows improved performance over conventional CMOS current mirror in terms of input resistance, output resistance and...

A voltage controlled ring oscillator plays very important role in high speed systems due to its easy integration capability. The analysis of different VCOs and their applications are discussed and analyzed in this book. There are number of applications of ring VCOs, one of the most important application is phase locked loop. The main task of the PLL is to maintain the coherence between output signal and reference signal by phase comparison. The proposed PLL using improved performance voltage controlled ring oscillator shows better performance in terms of frequency range and power consumption.