Organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells have attracted attention because of their ease of fabrication and potential for low-cost production. Formation of monolayers by self-assembly at electrode surfaces has been widely used in recent years. This book describes improvements in OPV performance by fine-tuning the work functions of indium-tin oxide using surface chemical modification with p-benzenesulfonyl chloride derivatives with different terminal groups in order to enhance the open-circuit voltage. In order to decrease the work function of the Al electrode, a thin layer (ca. 10 nm) of Alq3 or...