Understand the fundamental concepts of thermodynamics, Grasp the basic three laws of thermodynamics and their significance in engineering, Conceive the principle of operation of heat engines and refrigerators, Categorize and model typical thermodynamics process, Make appropriate assumption for solving basic thermodynamics problems in various practical situations 1.Differentiate between open and closed systems. 2. Realize the thermodynamic temperature scale as a fundamental absolute scale of temperature. 3. Identify the assumption of formulation of the equation of state with limitation. 4....