The present study investigates the possible mechanism of erythropoietin (EPO) mediated benefits in mouse model of streptozotocin (icv) induced dementia. Morris water maze test was employed to assess memory of the mice. Biochemical-estimations like brain acetyl cholinesterase (AChE) activity, brain nitrite/nitrate and total oxidative stress levels were also performed. Streptozotocin (STZ) produced a significant decrease in water maze performance of mice reflecting impairment of memory. STZ also produced a rise in brain AChE activity, nitrate/nitrite & oxidative stress levels. Treatment of EPO...