Microleakage is an important topic in dentistry.Numerous laboratory studies have found that microleakage is usually unavoidable whilst clinical studies report substantially less pessimism about the sealing ability of dental restorations. This work is presented on various forms of leakage in dental restorations and endodontics, distinguishing leakage, micro-leakage and nano-leakage. The phenomena, causes and methods to reduce leakage are described and the clinical relevance of in vitro and in vivo leakage studies evaluated and their usefulness and reliability.

LASERS have a crucial significance in dental field to overcome some of the disadvantages offered by that of the conventional armamentarium such as drilling sound, anxiety, fear related to conventional handpiece etc. Lasers can be used on both soft and hard tissues and over the time it has proved amenable results. Therefore, modern concepts based on minimal invasive dentistry led to application of Lasers in various fields of dental care. Despite of its Pros and Cons, its advantages makes Laser a ray of hope for the dentistry. This book encompasses the application of Lasers in different aspects...

Biomechanics deals with the forces, their distribution within the orofacial complex and how the forces are altered by restorations. Biomechanics studies the response of the oral tissues and the restorative material to various stresses. The interplay of the forces is altered by the cusps of the teeth, the contour of the restoration especially the marginal ridges. The stomatognathic system may thus be viewed as a stress generating and stress bearing unit. The operative dentist must design restorations so that the clinical stresses generated are always below the fatigue limit of the restorative...

Mercury has been used commercially and medically for centuries. In the past it was a common constituent of many medications. It is still used in hospitals in thermometers and blood-pressure cuffs and commercially in batteries, switches, and fluorescent light bulbs. Large quantities of metallic mercury are employed as electrodes in the electrolytic production of chlorine and sodium hydroxide from saline. These uses still give rise to accidental and occupational exposures.

This research touches the latest aspects of the dental caries. Since the time caries were understood there has been an upgradation in the methodology for prevention, diagnosis and treatment of the carious lesion. Lately more stress is given to prevent caries rather than extensive treatment. Technology has given birth to a plethora of diagnostic tools as well as methods of prevention. However, the upgradation has neither ended nor will ever do. Combined efforts of all of us can one day lead us to an era where there are no caries.

This book comprises a brief review of commonly encountered endodontic emergencies. this book will be of great help to dental practicetioners and dental students in dealing with various endodontic emergencies. henceforth this is a practical guide to deal with difficult situations encountered during clinical practice. last but not the least we should focus on prevention of these kind of endodontic emergencies.

The sealer is to fill the gaps between the core material and the walls of the root canal. A hermetic seal cannot be obtained without the use of a sealer which forms a fluid tight seal and barrier between the dentin and core material apically, laterally and coronally. All sealers are required to possess certain physical and biological properties. These properties include biocompatibility, strength, sealing ability, adequate working and setting time, flow, solubility and various other characteristics. However, no sealer has been shown to be totally satisfactory for clinical use.

A dental curing light is a dental equipment that is used for polymerization of light cure dental materials. The light from a dental curing unit is delivered over a range of wavelengths and varies for different devices. Clinical efficiency of a light curing unit is crucial for obtaining the optimal polymerization and a successful outcome. As the type of curing light governs and influences the quality and quantity of polymerization shrinkage, a need for thorough knowledge of the type of curing light is required. This book gives a detailed information about the various light curing units used in...