In the 1990s, survivor-victims of the 'comfort women' system - sexual slavery by the Japanese military during the Second World War - started to testify to their ordeal. Their testimonies attracted huge attention and have raised fundamental and complicated questions about history and women's voices. By challenging cultural and gender essentialist analyses, this study aims to examine the 'comfort women' system through the lens of modernity, where the intersectional oppression of gender, race, class and colonialism was formed. The testimonies of victim-survivors are the key to the discussion of...