Emotional Investment: Transforming Psychotherapeutic Assumptions argues that most current psychotherapies tend to be objective or quasi-objective in their orientation, where "objective" means that mental health and mental illness are assumed to be realities beyond the clinician's and the patient's experience (e.g. psychoanalysis, ego psychology, self psychology, and behaviorism) and "quasi-objective" means that though lip service is given to relative realities, the actual assumptions are objective (e.g. cognitive therapy and reality therapy). As such, most psychotherapies today involve a...

Is hierarchy the inevitable result of human evolutionary biology? Is hierarchy a rational, practical choice in the face of anarchy and chaos? Is hierarchy a distortion of natural human cooperation? Is hierarchy the inevitable consequence of population growth in a world of limited resources? In Democracy in Business: A Transdisciplinary Critique of Hierarchy, Volume 1, G. Michael Blahnik argues that though there might exist a biological, psychological and social vulnerability for people to create hierarchies, there is not and never has been an innate disposition to do so. This disposition was...