In the late summer of 1781, General George Washington finally saw an opportunity to take New York City away from the British. Virtually from the beginning of the War for Independence six years earlier, the British held this key city and Washington long desired to take it into American hands. Washington laid siege to the town all summer. With the expected arrival of Admiral de Grasse and ships of the French fleet along with an additional 3,000 French soldiers, he believed he may finally have his chance. But on August 14th, he changed his mind and turned his eye to Yorktown, Virginia....
In the late summer of 1781, General George Washington finally saw an opportunity to take New York City away from the British. Virtually from the begin...
As the German military grew in the late 1920s, it began looking for a better way to secure its communications. It found the answer in a new cryptographic machine called "Enigma." The Germans believed the encryption generated by the machine to be unbreakable. With a theoretical number of ciphering possibilities of 3 X 10114, their belief was not unjustified.1 However, they never reached that theoretical level of security. Nor did they count on the cryptanalytic abilities of their adversaries. The Enigma machine based its cipher capabilities on a series of wired rotor wheels and a plugboard....
As the German military grew in the late 1920s, it began looking for a better way to secure its communications. It found the answer in a new cryptograp...
