The European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) has a large impact on national law, in particular through the case-law of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR). In most ECHR States, the authorities loyally implement the Court's interpretations in their legislation, case-law, and administrative decisions. Over the past few years, however, especially in some Western European democracies where the ECHR is robustly incorporated into the national legal systems, critical voices have been raised to question the degree of the Court's influence over national law and politics. It turns out that...