In orthodontics, there are fads and fashions modified by progress and technological advances.Today's face conscious society needs more than merely movement of teeth to achieve optimal results. We are dealing with a multisystem environment in which the osseous and neuromuscular components are just as important in the over-all picture as the dental structures. So if we are to make the stable and dramatic three dimensional alterations desired in the dentofacial complex, early growth guidance by functional appliances is essential. Functional appliances represent a positive approach to the...