Local communities in the study area are already observing and experiencing the effects of climate change, as well as implementing adaptation practices. About 85% of sample respondents noted that the existence of reduced and erratic rainfall, increased drought frequency and elongation of hot season in a year. As a result, water shortage, range land degradation, gully erosion, prevalence and spread of human and livestock disease and death are observed, which made the environment and local community more vulnerable and less resilient to the climatic conditions. To ensure sustainable and...