Recent studies have shown that earthquake-associated total electron content (TEC) anomalies are detectable using principal component analysis (PCA) regardless of other possible causes of TEC disturbance such as TEC long term variance, solar flare and geomagnetic storm activity. PCA is an alternative pure mathematical method for the measuring TEC anomalies. PCA applied to both pre-earthquake and post earthquake TEC has been able to detect and even describe the physical shape of earthquake associated TEC anomalies. In this Book, Two-Dimensional Principal Component analysis (2DPCA) is used to...

The topic of rainfall and Typhoon-induced earthquakes has been widely researched and noted. For example (Husen et al. (2007) reported a series of 47 local earthquakes in the central Switzerland Alps that occurred three days after record rainfall during August 19-23, 2005. In studies conducted in Denver, Colorado, liquid waste was injected into geological faults, resulting in increased seismicity at depths of up to 4 to 5 km. The researcher recorded 1500 minor earthquake events, which subsided after the injections ceased between 1962 and 1966. In this study, a statistical analysis of...

This book used two-dimensional Principal Component Analysis (2DPCA) to determine total electron content (TEC) anomalous responds in the ionosphere to discuss both serious catastrophes in Taiwan, the potential causes of the analysis results were discussed with emphasis given to acoustic shock waves and caused the TEC anomalies for Xiaolin-Village Mudslide and Huge Gas Explosion in Kaohsiung City, Taiwan. It is worth mentioning that it is possible to predict these catastrophes occurring time just short time before the catastrophes if such catastrophes are very huge to reduce the number of dead...