"Red teaming" is a relatively new buzzword, but there is no common definition of its meaning. It can mean role-playing the adversary, conducting a vulnerability assessment, or using analytical techniques to improve intelligence estimates. While these definitions seem unrelated, they have in common the goal of improving decision making. This commonality forms the basis of the army's understanding of red teaming. Key aspects of the army red teaming definition are its emphasis on independent thinking, challenging organizational thinking, incorporating alternative perspectives, and incorporating...

The purpose of this book is to examine the subject of African American United States Army officers and their service in the combat arms branches. The research uncovered the complex roles that African American combat arms officers assumed during the past century, and how these roles evolved into their current variation that benefits from the army's unwavering commitment to equal opportunity. A historic snapshot of 20th century America's domestic tensions adequately framed the pressing issue of why African American officers currently choose to serve in the combat arms at a disproportional rate...

Service culture affects how military branches organize, train, equip, and survive as separate institutions of the US military. The culture of a service includes the persistent, patterned way of thinking about operations and relationships. The population of a particular service will identify with a common mission, capability, and or ethos, thus forming a cohesive culture. Air Force culture is centered upon the idea that advanced technology enables the service to be a decisive contributor to warfare from the air domain. In order to stay relevant to current military requirements, services are...

This book utilizes select elements of operational art from ADRP 3-0 to examine how General Lewis Walt employed operational art as the III Marine Amphibious Force (III MAF) commander in Vietnam from June 1965-June 1967. This book addresses a significant shortfall in literature focused on Corps-level operational commanders during the Vietnam War. In combat, III MAF faced a hybrid threat of North Vietnamese regular forces and entrenched Viet Cong main force and guerrilla units. Apart from the significant challenges of combat operations, General Walt found himself confronted by vague and...

America's current financial strains necessitate an investigation into the effectiveness and efficiency of our fighting forces. This study explores the history of technology, theory, and doctrine development in heavy ground combat power and airpower to consider whether one force component is more efficient and effective than the other. It constructs a model from the explorative study to compare and contrast the characteristics, functions, roles, and missions associated with each force component. Next, the study explains the concepts of effectiveness, efficiency, and efficacy, and it highlights...

Stability operations secure national goals for military action by establishing the conditions for lasting peace after conflict or by mitigating the effects of humanitarian crisis. During the occupation of Japan following the end of World War II, American forces conducted stability operations that effectively did both. In the process, the American occupation forces transformed a defeated enemy nation into valued ally. This study identified lessons applicable to future missions from the American stability operations conducted in Japan from 1945 to 1952 by examining the strategy for the...

CJTF-HOA developed a course of action to win the War on Terror in the Horn of Africa. Because of the mission, resources available to the task force, and the nature of the conflict, the command chose a course of action that used Information Operations as the decisive operation. Specifically they focused on the Information Operation task of Information Engagement to accomplish the mission. Joint Military doctrine states that a valid COA is one that is adequate, feasible, acceptable, distinguishable, and complete. Since CJTF-HOA already implemented the course of action, the analysis was limited...