Ultrasonography is one of the advanced imaging techniques which uses sound waves for viewing the normal and pathological conditions of bone and soft tissue. It is used widely for imaging a variety of lesions in the Oral and Maxillofacial region. Ultrasonography, as compared to other imaging modalities, has various advantages. It does not use ionizing radiation. It is cost effective. It produces images in real time. It can yield blood flow information. Besides its use in the diagnostic aspect, ultrasonograhy has proved to be an important therapeutic aid as well. Ultrasonography has proved...

It is well accepted that the destruction characteristic of periodontal diseases is a result of an imbalance between the host inflammatory process and specific pathogenic bacteria residing in the periodontal crevicular space. The protective nature of the host response enables the majority of the population to fend off the bacterial insult that constantly threatens the health of the supporting tissues of the dentition. One of the major players on this inflammatory and immunologic battleground is the polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) or Neutrophil. The relationship of neutrophils to the...

The tongue is essentially a complex muscular and vital organ of the human body. The dentist is frequently the first health care providers who assess this organ. A number of oral and systemic diseases involve the tongue. It is therefore sometimes known as a mirror of systemic and oral diseases. The tongue indicates the conditions of the digestive organs, composition of the blood, the state of the secretions and even the condition of the nervous system. It is of utmost importance for an oral physician that he should be familiar and understand the normal anatomy, architecture, histology or...