Dental caries is easily diagnosed but there is considerable difficulty in deciding the earliest stage in the progression of a carious lesion at which diagnosis can be made without reasonable doubt. Early detection and diagnosis allow the dentist to counsel and assist patients to prevent the progression of caries and thereby avert the need of invasive, irreversible removal and restoration of tooth structure.In recent years, various techniques have been explored to address the need for better detection tools to aid dentist in the diagnosis of early caries and several of these methods have been...

Genetics had already proven its importance in art of knowing about the species from the basic cells of reproduction and also about the various features that a species adopt from his ancestors. Thousands of inherited human disorders have been catalogued to date, but the underlying genetic causes of less than 20 percent of those disorders have been discovered. Genetics is the study of genes at all levels from molecules to populations.In dentistry we encounter numerous differences in the dentofacial characteristics of individuals, even among family members.Some children have large-size teeth;...