From recent operational experiences in Bosnia and Iraq, the U.S. Army has learned many important and hard-earned lessons. By incorporating some of these lessons learned into its capstone doctrine, FM 3-0, the Army has captured some key points and revamped its approach in conducting military operations in a complex environment. Meanwhile, a new thinking has emerged at the end of Cold War that focuses on the non-traditional way of examining warfare and armed conflict. Scholars such as Mary Kaldor, Herfried Munkler, and Rupert Smith have constructed an alternative approach concentrating on...

The Army has begun the process of relearning and integrating deception into doctrine and operations. The state of doctrine and training both appear to be in need of aggressive review and modification. History shows that it is a potent combat multiplier that can be decisive in gaining surprise and initiative. History shows the costs of these operations to be less than one would expect. The risks appear relatively low as well. Benefits, . on the other hand, are uniformly high when compared to cost and risk. The 1989 Army Deception White Paper attempted to set the azimuth for deception...

Henry Bouquet, a professional Swiss officer, served in the British Army from 1756- 1765 in the 60th or Royal American Regiment. Bouquet's service to the Crown involved his participation in three major campaigns in North America. During 1758 Bouquet served as the second-in-comand to Brigadier General John Forbes in an expedition to secure from the French Fort Duquesne, later renamed Fort Pitt. In 1763, Bouquet returned to Fort Pitt, personally organizing and leading the relief column which broke the Indian siege of that critical frontier installation during Pontiac's rebellion. This action...

This historical study investigates why Union joint operations between army and navy forces on the Mississippi and other western rivers were effective. It examines the development of a joint doctrine at the strategic, operational, and tactical levels of war. Joint riverine warfare on the western rivers was a new experience for the U.S. military. There was no clear delineation between services of specific missions or responsibilities. Joint operations incorporated numerous battlefield operating systems that the leadership had to integrate and synchronize. At the strategic level, Washington...

'This study is an historical analysis of the Soviet operational use of tank and mechanized corps, and tank armies, in the deliberate defense at the Battle of Kursk in 1943. It centers on the question of how effective was the Red Army in employing these' units during this momentous battle. Events that shaped the battle and a brief comparison of forces set the stage. A discussion of the actual battle on the Central and Voronezh Fronts is followed by an analysis of the effectiveness of the employment of the operational armored units. The battle analysis methodology as promulgated by the Combat...

This study attempts to analyze the decisions made by Field Marshal Albert Kesselring prior to and during the battle of Anzio in February 1944. The focus of the investigation is on Kesselring's decision to shift Army Group reserves from the Rome area prior to the Allied amphibious assault at Anzio on 18 January 1944, then his involvement in the development and execution of the German counterattack against the Allied beachhead conducted on 16 February 1944. The investigation reveals that Kesseiring, the Army Group Commander, made a proper and effective decision in committing the Army Group...

This book traces the historical origins, evolution, and continuing influence of liberal and conservative political ideology on American Defense policy. The study concentrates on a comparison of the periods 1783-1800, the military debates of the early republic, and 1989-1994, the current debates on the structure of the post-Cold War American Military. The central thesis is that the parallels between the public debates on the proposed downsizing of the United States' Armed Forces in the 1990s and the debates on the creation of a permanent American military establishment in the 1780s and 1790s...

This study concerns an analysis of the Confederate defense of Vicksburg with respect to one of the nine principles of war, the principle of the offensive. The problem in the study was to determine if Lieutenant General John C. Pemberton ever applied tho principle of the offensive during his defense of Vicksburg and to determine why he failed to gain any freedom of action during the Vicksburg Campaign. The important conclusions are: 1. Pemberton applied the principle prior to May 1, 1863. 2. He did not apply the principle during the final Union thrust for Vicksburg, mainly because of the lack...

This book examines the operational insights offered by the analysis of the Tullahoma, or Middle Tennessee, Campaign of 1863. The book uncovers these operational insights by examining how Major General William S. Rosecrans, commander of the Army of the Cumberland, and General Braxton Bragg, commander of the Army of Tennessee, planned for and conducted the nine day campaign. This book of both commanders' planning and execution of a campaign characterized by maneuver, rather than large scale battles, highlights five important insights into operational warfighting, These insights include the...

This book is a historical analysis of Major General Joseph J. Reynolds and his division during the Battle of Chickamauga. Chickamauga was the division's first major engagement. Arriving at the battlefield the first day, amidst a fierce Confederate offensive, the division was separated into brigades and regiments. The various units were piecemealed into battle, operating independently of their division commander's control. Division experiences included a desperate charge and the crushing route of an entire brigade. On the second day, the division withstood an initial Confederate onslaught in...