An unbiased estimate is obtained from a sample survey for a large area; when this estimate is used to derive estimates for sub areas on the assumption that the small areas have the same characteristics as larger area, we identify these estimates as synthetic estimators." One of the simplest estimators arises from the assumption that the small area mean is equal to the larger area mean. This leads to the simple synthetic estimator under simple random sampling or stratified random sampling or post stratified sampling as the case may be. Synthetic estimation may also be based on auxiliary data....

Fertility has central importance in demographic analysis as births are vital component of population dynamics. Level and trend of fertility indicates the standard of development of nation. Female child plays most important role in fertility dynamics. She establishes the institution of family life, brings up the children and makes them good citizens. Her strength in totality contributes in the making of an ideal society and thus ideal country. The connection between birth of females and fertility or vice versa are the root of many explanations of demographic transition and in shaping of...