Dental implant is defined as a prosthetic device or alloplastic material implanted into oral tissues beneath the mucosal or periosteal tissues, and onor with in the bone to provide retention and support for fixed or removal prosthesis. The goal of modern dentistry is to restore the stomatognathic system to normal function, comfort, esthetics, speech and health regardless of the atrophy, disease or injury. As a result of continued research in dental implant designs, materials and techniques, predictable success is now a reality for the rehabilitation of many challenging clinical situations.

The regeneration of the periodontium can be distinguished from many other regenerative processes because of the periodontium's extremely limited endogenous regenerative capability. Additionally, regeneration of the periodontium involves the regeneration of at least three unique tissues and their complex structures. Recent evidence suggests that periodontal ligament retains its regenerative capacity to different degrees throughout adulthood which is attributed to the remaining progenitor/stem cells within the periodontium that maintain their proliferation and differentiation potential and the...

Periodontology has a rich background of research and efficient use of this wealth of research data needs to be integrated in periodontal practice. Evidence-based periodontology aims to facilitate such an approach, accelerating the introduction of best research into patient care. The evidence-based approach strives to strengthen clinical experience through the systematic evaluation of information, which allows the clinician to benefit from the amassed data. One must be cautious about interpreting information primarily derived from clinical experience and intuition or poorly designed studies...

Periodontitis is a disease characterized by loss of connective tissue attachment and bone around the teeth in conjunction with the formation of periodontal pockets due to the apical migration of the junctional epithelium. Early diagnosis and treatment of progressive periodontitis is important because of the irreversible nature of this disease. Clinical measurements used in diagnosis of periodontal diseases are often of limited usefulness in that they are indications of previous periodontal disease rather than the present disease activity. Diagnostic biomarkers in oral fluids like saliva and...

Oral cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers of the world. It is among the top ten reasons to cause death. Oral cancer ranks one among all the cancers caused among men, which represents 4% of all deaths among men. In women it stands third among all cancers and represent 2% of all deaths. Oral cancer due to its location in the most accessible part of the body, i.e. the mouth it can be detected in the early stages. However, because of lack of symptoms, especially pain, it is neglected and often recognized at the advanced stage thus a proper medical care is not reached in the initial stage....

Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease of periodontium. The relationship between bacterial plaque and the development of periodontal disease is well established. Antibacterial agents have been used effectively in the management of periodontal infection. The effectiveness of mechanical therapy and repeated systemic administration of antibacterial agents are limited due to the lack of accessibility to periodontopathic organisms in the periodontal pocket. Systemic administration of drugs leads to therapeutic concentrations at the site of infection, but for short periods of time, forcing...

The oral microbiota plays a primary role in the initiation and progression of the periodontal disease. Because of the multiplicity of factors that control the establishment and long-term evolution of the oral microbiota, a great deal of heterogeneity exists in the composition of the periodontal microbiota among individual subjects. Despite these individual differences and the complex interactions between bacteria and the host and among bacteria, an association has been demonstrated between certain species and various forms of periodontal disease. A variety of microbiological diagnostic tests...

There is almost no field of dentistry where development took place at such a tearing pace in recent years as in the field of laser dentistry. LASERS are used for carrying out procedures such as soft tissue surgery, esthetic gingival procedures, conventional root debridement, surgical pocket therapy, LASER assisted new attachment procedure (LNAP), surgical therapy for implant placement, treatment of peri-implantitis, LASER phototherapy (LPT), treatment of dentinal hypersensitivity......