Public officials are seen as the peoples' representatives or trustees and answerable before the public by explaining, justifying and rectifying their actions. Accountability can be carried out effectively through the institutions which are constitutionally protected, structurally independent, functionally autonomous and behaviourally impartial. Whereas accountability mechanisms refer to the institutionalized processes of holding the public authorities to account that traditional mechanisms of accountability include the elections, legislative scrutiny, courts and government audit. Institution...