Shawky Abdel-Haleem Nahed Mahmoud Ahmed Haleem Abdel-
Disease outbreaks on dairy farms can be devastating to both animal welfare and farm profitability, with losses in terms of reduced output, increased replacement costs, veterinary costs and labor requirements. Dairy farmers are becoming more aware of how biosecurity programs can help them prevent, or reduce the risk of disease entering and spreading in their herd. Bovine mastitis is the most complex disease condition mainly because of multiple causative agents, poor understanding of the early immune response and complexities associated with mammary epithelial cell damage by both the agents and...
Disease outbreaks on dairy farms can be devastating to both animal welfare and farm profitability, with losses in terms of reduced output, increased r...