Tamarind is a socially and economically important fruit of India as well as Chhattisgarh. In Chhattisgarh, tamarind is produced in many small areas and sold locally by the rural people at a throw away prices. During selling they come across many problems such as handling of large volume which need significant space, consumer acceptability for its quality, high transportation cost etc. To overcome these problems there is a need of densification of the stock which can be accomplished by converting the pulp into small briquettes. Briquetting should be done at home or the site level. A manual...

Water Resources Scientists and Engineers are always in the hunt to synthesize stream flow from ungauged catchments. The most popular approach is use of empirical relationships for determining parameters of conceptual models. However, such relationships do not remain accurate, as variations in global atmosphere may bring about changes in the rainfall patterns and geomorphology as well. Commonly used modelling approach is application of linear theories. Main problem with application of linear theories is determination of instantaneous unit hydrographs (IUH) for a basin. IUH, which is unit...

Water is one of the primary inputs in agricultural production. This vital resource is becoming a scarce commodity day by day; therefore it requires planning, developing & managing with utmost care. Drip irrigation with higher water application and distribution efficiencies, is gaining ground in horticulture as well as cash crops. It meets the crop water requirements in an optimum way. Analyzing the hydraulics of drip irrigation system is necessary in order to study the dynamics of wetting front advance in the soil and the crop root zone. Use of mulches with drip irrigation system is added...

Scarcity of land and water resources has compelled the policy makers to search waste lands and mined areas to augment/improve these resources for use in agriculture and allied sectors while maintaining the local ecology and hydrology. Most of the coal production (81%) in India comes from open cast mines. Opencast mining in huge forest areas results into loss of biodiversity, nutrient qualities and microbial activities of the soil system. It releases huge amount of mining wastes as overburden dump materials that are prone to soil erosion and create problems of sedimentation and water quality,...