Displacement flow and mixing of fluids occur in many operations present in the construction and completion of oil & gas wells e.g. primary cementing, drilling, gravel-packing, hydraulic fracturing. Over the past many years oil prices have increased significantly as a result of a diminishing supply of oil and gas from easily accessible reservoirs coupled with an increased demand due to population and consumption growth. Inevitably, there is a tendency towards deeper wells offshore and towards more challenging wells onshore. Many oil and gas wells required are long and are inclined anywhere...
Displacement flow and mixing of fluids occur in many operations present in the construction and completion of oil & gas wells e.g. primary cementing, ...