The Joint Special Operations Task Force-Philippines (JSOTF-P) indirect approach to irregular warfare (IW) offers senior U.S. policy makers and military commanders a suitable model worthy of consideration for conducting long-term military operations against terrorist networks inside a partner nation's sovereign territory. However, the indirect approach does not represent a one-size-fits-all solution or approved template for conducting successful IW and defeating terrorist networks abroad. The JSOTF-P's indirect approach to IW is tailored specifically to the unique conditions of the Philippines...

The process of targeting the enemy and his elements of power is an essential component of achieving victory in modern warfare. Targeting is an intellectual military discipline that combines rigorous scientific analysis, a deep understanding of weapons effects, and sound operational judgment into a coherent systematic process. The Joint Targeting Process is the critical linkage in translating desired effects into the actions that accomplish objectives and achieve victory. It provides military commanders a methodology to systematically generate and refine a series of options to accomplish...

The Army of the 21st century has experienced a change in the nature of war with the asymmetric global war on terrorism. No longer is the Army facing the conventional armies of the past but is now facing an asymmetrical force which is causing the Army to change the tactical organizations and the way they fight. The Army is undergoing a major transformation process using modularization to Brigade Combat Teams (BCT) as the major maneuver element. The BCT enabled and organized with all of the elements previously found in the divisional organization created an organization with enormous capability...

Lessons learned from operations in Afghanistan and Iraq over the past ten years indicate that the Army is fighting in an environment that requires a change in how organizations gather, analyze, synthesize, and produce intelligence. "Top-down" intelligence no longer drives today's operations. Instead, current operations produce numerous lower-level information and intelligence reports that higher headquarters must gather, analyze, and synthesize. The sheer volume of these reports and the depth and breadth of information they provide often exceed the capacity of the intelligence organizations...

Whether adjusting to a new environment or to an evolving threat, America's Army of the 21st century must be adaptable and become more innovative. The operational environment is becoming more complicated and complex. Societal trends, such as globalization and the impact technology has and continues to have are some of the trends that contribute to this complexity, leading to numerous challenges for an operational force. Whether faced with a thinking and dynamic enemy or an unfamiliar and challenging environment, Army forces must be able to adapt but also-and perhaps more importantly-to...

This monograph addresses how humans think and make sense of the world, and whether the current logic used by the U.S. military is still useful for understanding and influencing a world where complexity continues to increase. Drawing from elements of organizational theory, general systems theory, political science, and post-modern philosophy, this monograph presents a logic model to explain how the military currently makes sense of the world, and how Design offers a different and potentially more useful approach to complex systems. Design represents a paradigm shift in thinking, and functions...

The U.S. Army's renewed emphasis on developing organizations to conduct Security Force Assistance (SFA), particularly the Advise and Assist Brigades, is indicative of both increased operational requirements in Iraq and Afghanistan and renewed interest in developing defense capacity in allied and partner nations. With over 255,000 soldiers deployed worldwide in 2009, the Army needs to develop a more effective conventional SFA apparatus to train indigenous forces to manage their own internal security requirements. By properly selecting, training, and utilizing quality conventional force...

This study is an assessment of the Department of Defense's response to the call to create specialized forces to address the exigent strategic requirement for stability and reconstruction operations in Afghanistan and Iraq. To make an assessment it was necessary first to understand the reason for the call by analyzing the different proposals and the analogy made with the Vietnam-era CORDS program. That analysis revealed that the passage of time has sanitized the memory of CORDS from the political considerations that facilitated its creation. Today, there are significantly more political issues...

This monograph examines the vital role that operational sustainment plays in the application of critical elements of operational art and operational design. The operational art and sustainment issues examined in this monograph are assessed using the operational environments of Operation Restore Hope and Operation Uphold Democracy. This monograph concentrates on the military activity of campaigning. The operational level of war is conducted by operational commanders who organize, employ, and sustain campaigns in order to accomplish strategic aims. Determining time, location, and for what...

A key factor in the failure of the intelligence community is the resistance to information sharing. Organizational culture is an essential link in understanding the resistance to information sharing. Using Edgar Schein's organizational culture model, this paper analyzes the organizational culture of the Department of Homeland Security and the Federal Bureau Investigation with an eye toward how organizational cultures of the Department of Homeland Security and the Federal Bureau impact information sharing. The Department of Homeland Security must identify, understand, and work through the...