The data about the prevalence of hypertension of approximately one hundred patients was collected by interviewing them at Sughra Shafih Medical Complex, Narowal. The data had been analysed to determine the relative occurrence and incidence of hypertension by different age groups. The analysis shows the prevalence of hypertension was more in females (64%, n=64/100) as compared to males (34%, n=34/100). Hypertension was more prevalent in age group 38-47 years (32%, n=32/100) and less prevalent in age group 68-77 years (6%, n=6/100). In our sample population the prevalence of hypertension by age...

Prevalence of tuberculosis in Islamabad area is low and most of the herds were free from tuberculosis. Further, animals giving positive reaction to tuberculin were apparently healthy and their milk was also culture negative. These animals might have been in initial stages of the disease. Tuberculin test provided baseline information about the herd status; however, advanced techniques should be used to confirm the results

The present study was conducted to explain various techniques for the extraction and quantification of nucleic acids and proteins from plant materials. Plant samples were analysed in the laboratory for the extraction of Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and Ribonucleic acid (RNA) using conventional methods and then quantification was done using spectrophotometer. Extraction and quantification of proteins was also done using conventional methods.

A biomolecule is any molecule that is produced by a living organism, including large macromolecules such as proteins, polysaccharides, lipids, and nucleic acids, as well as small molecules such as primary metabolites, secondary metabolites, and natural products.This book describes application of various techniques like polymerase chain reaction, agarose gel electrophoresis for the analysis of these complex molecules and for disease diagnosis.

Antibiotic-resistant bacteria pose a very serious threat to public health. Frequencies of bacterial resistance are increasing worldwide while very few new antibiotics are being developed. Therefore alternative antimicrobial strategies are urgently needed.Estimation of the main components of a food using procedures that allows a reasonably rapid and acceptable measurement of various food fractions is known as Proximate Analysis of Food (FDA, 2001). Crude estimation crude fat, crude protein, not true value but adequate. It is important in food quality, food processing operations and legal and...

Biofertilizer are microorganism that helps plants to grow by increasing the quantity of nutrients and mainly associated with the plant rhizosphere. Since these fertilizers contain living microorganisms, it increases or promotes the supply of important nutrients. An increasing number of farmers and agriculturists are turning to the use of biofertilizers, as these are gentler on the soil as against chemical fertilizers. Chemical fertilizers are meant to boost the growth of plants and increase the fertility of the soil; however they cause significant damage to the environment. Biofertilizers...