Agrochemicals like pesticides and fertilizers are widely used to achieve higher food and crop protection. These agrochemicals are economic boon, but are proving to be ecological ban as they are imposing a threat to soil environment. This book briefs about the ecotoxicity of imidacloprid and dimethoate, the most commonly used pesticides in Indian subcontinent, on earthworm and soil biochemical activities, which ultimately affect the soil health.