The emergence of modern technologies such as Biotechnology, Recombinant DNA, organ transplantation, gene therapy etc have raised new ethical questions, rather "dilemmas," for humankind. With technological development and advancement in social, economic and educational spheres the ethical questions are expected to become more significant in Pakistan as well. The study recommends that more organized awareness campaigns are required to educate the masses. The educational institutions should revise their curricula to include discussions on bioethical questions. The study also recommends thorough...

Diversity in natural ecosystem is due to different environmental variables which affect vegetation composition. Such environmental factors sustain plant communities of a specific region. It is very difficult in developing countries to access to remote areas frequently. In Pakistan Swat Valley part of Hindu Kush range of mountain is one of the remote area where plant diversity of different regions have not been studied related to environmental factors. The current study of vegetation was formulated to study the different effect of environmental variables on plant species organization and...