This report summarizes the results of an evaluation of vehicular technology alternatives to detect driver blood alcohol concentration and alcohol-impaired driving. Taking an international perspective, this report references relevant literature, incorporates input from stakeholders, and includes a concept of operations to describe how to implement technology-based countermeasures that addresses concerns such as privacy, public acceptance, and legal issues.

The Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) formerly referred to as the Fatal Accident Reporting System, is a collection of files documenting all qualifying fatal crashes since 1975 that occurred within the 50 States, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico. To be included in this census of crashes, a crash had to involve a motor vehicle traveling on a trafficway customarily open to the public, and must result in the death of a person (occupant of a vehicle or a nonmotorist) within 30 days of the crash. The purpose of this document is to provide an analytic reference to individuals who...

This report discusses light-vehicle crash countermeasure profiles and functions for five target pre-crash scenario groups based on vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communications. Target pre-crash scenario groups include rear-end, lane change, opposite direction, junction crossing, and left turn across path from opposite direction (LTAP/OD) crashes involving at least one light vehicle (e.g., passenger car, van, minivan, sport utility vehicle, or light pickup truck with a gross vehicle weight rating of 10,000 pounds orless). There are 10 pre-crash scenarios in these groups to be addressed by V2V-based...

This report documents the results of the independent evaluation's assessment of the driver acceptance of the Cooperative Intersection Collision Avoidance System limited to Stop Sign and Traffic Signal Violations (CICAS-V) system as tested during a pilot test in 2008. The purpose of this pilot test was to use naive participants in on-road and test-track environments to assess the readiness and maturity of the CICAS-V for a large-scale field operational test. Data were evaluated from 87 naive drivers who were placed into equipped vehicles to navigate a two-hour prescribed route through ten...

This report summarizes the results of a foundational study undertaken in support of NHTSA to identify the research needs and priorities in the near-, mid-, and long-term, as well as the challenges and opportunities to the development and commercial deployment of light-weight, plastics-rich, and fuel efficient vehicles by 2020 that would be designed to comply with all applicable crash safety standards and regulatory requirements. The Volpe Center reviewed relevant literature, interviewed subject matter experts and ongoing research, developed a PCIV 2020 Safety Vision, and identified the major...

This report identifies crash imminent test scenarios based on common pre-crash scenarios for integrated vehicle-based safety systems that alert the driver of a light vehicle or a heavy truck to an impending rear-end, lane change, or run-off-road crash. Pre-crash scenarios describe vehicle movements and critical events immediately prior to the crash. The General Estimates System (GES) crash database was queried to distinguish common pre-crash scenarios for light vehicles (2003 GES) and heavy trucks (2000-2003 GES) in terms of their frequency of occurrence. Analysis of two-vehicle rear-end...

This report presents results from an analysis of about 47,000 red light violation records collected from 11 intersections in the City of Sacramento, California, by red light photo enforcement cameras between May 1999 and June 2003. The goal of this analysis is to understand the correlation between red light violations and various driver, intersection, and environmental factors.

The purpose of this reference guide is to present what Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) coding manuals are up to in the year 2007. In other words, it introduces the historical FARS coding rules from 1975 to 2007.