Throughout the years, indiscriminate and continuous use of antibiotics has resulted in multi-resistant bacterial strains all over the world. Consequently, there is an urgent demand for an alternative to conventional antibiotics. Endogenous antimicrobial peptides hold tremendous potential in this aspect. In fact, the endogenous antimicrobial peptides, are key players of innate immunity. Two families of mammalian antimicrobial peptides have been especially well studied: defensins and cathelicidins. This manuscript describes the existence of cathelicidin peptide in buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) and...