Observations of the solar magnetic field are largely confined to the radiation emitted from the photosphere, the thin layer of the solar atmosphere which we call "the solar surface." It is from solar surface observations that we must infer the internal structure and the internal magnetohydrodynamic processes that lead to the multitude of fascinat ing phenomena of solar magnetic activity, and from solar surface observations we must also infer the interplay of convection and magnetism that regulates field dispersal, drives the heating of the outer-atmospheric plasma, and generates the solar...